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Horas permitidas para manejar camiones en USA

Posted on by ftamez
11
Jun

¿Sabes cuantas horas tienen permitidas los choferes de camiones de carga para manejar en USA?

El Gobierno federal de este país aprobó regulaciones para limitar las horas permitidas de servicio que los conductores de camiones pueden conducir sus vehículos en 1939, el motivo, era evitar el efecto de la fatiga y prevenir los accidentes de vehículos comerciales.

La Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) es la encargada de regular las horas de servicio de los conductores de camiones comerciales.

Estas regulaciones se centran en cuándo y cuánto tiempo pueden conducir, colocando límites específicos en la cantidad de tiempo que conducen su camión, así como, las horas totales que puede trabajar.

En abril del 2003, se hicieron las primeras revisiones significativas para la regulación de las horas de servicio en más de 60 años, por esta razón, nuevas regulaciones entraron en efecto el 4 de enero de 2004.

Relacionados: ¿Qué es un Team driver?

Estas nuevas reglas han tratado de establecer que los conductores obtengan el descanso necesario acorde con la realidad que conlleva conducir un vehículo comercial.

Regulaciones de horario para manejar un camión en USA

Se deben seguir los límites máximos de servicio en todo momento, que son el límite de “Driving window” (o ventana de manejo en español) de 14 horas y, además, el Límite de manejo de 11 horas.

De forma un poco más detallada, estos son los puntos más importantes que hay que tener en cuenta:

Ventana de manejo de 14 horas

  • El límite total, incluido el tiempo para la comida y la recarga de combustible, es de 14 horas.
  • La ventana de manejo de 14 horas consecutivas comienza cuando se inicia cualquier tipo de trabajo.
  • Una vez que haya llegado al final de este período de 14 horas consecutivas, no se no puede conducir nuevamente hasta que se haya estado fuera de servicio por otras 10 horas consecutivas.

Una manera de entenderlo mejor es con un ejemplo simple:

Si después de un periodo de 10 horas consecutivas de descanso el conductor comienza a conducir a las 7 a.m., ya no podrá hacerlo llegando las 9 p.m. de esa tarde, ya que, cumplió con el periodo máximo de 14 horas, y tendría que volver a tomar un descanso de 10 horas para continuar.

Límite de manejo de 11 horas 

  • Durante el período de 14 horas consecutivas explicado anteriormente, solo se permite conducir el camión hasta 11 horas en total.
  • Se puede conducir un total de 11 horas durante el período de 14 horas, sin embargo, no puede conducir si han pasado más de 8 horas desde el final del último período fuera de servicio, o en litera de al menos 30 minutos del conductor.
  • Una vez que se haya conducido un total de 11 horas, se ha alcanzado el límite de manejo y el conductor del camión, debe estar fuera de servicio por 10 horas consecutivas antes de conducir nuevamente.

Ejemplo:

Se comienza a trabajar a las 7 a.m. a 8 a.m. (1 hora), y a conducir de 8 a.m. a 3 p.m. (7 horas). Aquí se cumple un periodo de 8 horas consecutivas trabajando (no conduciendo), por lo tanto, se debe tomar un descanso de al menos 30 minutos, para poder seguir manejando.

Terminando el periodo de descanso se comienza a manejar de nuevo a las 3:30 p.m. y se termina 4 horas después a las 7:30 p.m, cumpliendo así el periodo de 11 horas permitidas dentro de las 14 horas consecutivas trabajando. Inmediatamente, se debe tomar un periodo de 10 horas de descanso para poder continuar conduciendo.

Los camioneros no pueden conducir después de completar un servicio de 60 horas en un período de 7 días consecutivos, o 70 horas en un período de 8 días consecutivos.

Ahora ya sabes cuales son las horas permitidas para manejar camiones en USA. De esta manera trabajan los conductores de camiones de carga por los Estados Unidos, y estas normas también incluyen a los que cruzan la frontera procedente de México o Canadá, por lo que es bueno estar preparado.

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